{"id":5584,"date":"2022-04-13T12:19:42","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T10:19:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/cassino-and-its-history\/"},"modified":"2023-04-18T13:27:39","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T11:27:39","slug":"cassino-and-its-history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/scopri\/cassino-and-its-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Cassino and its history"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container fusion-parallax-none nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.16);background-image: url(&quot;http:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Panorama-Cassino.jpg&quot;);background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.13) 9%,rgba(0,0,0,0.17) 12%),url(http:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Panorama-Cassino.jpg);background-position: center center;background-repeat: 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{.fusion-title.fusion-title-1{margin-top:10px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"text-shadow:1px 1px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.55);;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:15px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;color:#ffffff;\">Cassino and its history<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:60% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 3.9583333333333%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.9583333333333%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}@media only screen and 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class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1443.75px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.375%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.375%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:740px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}<\/style><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-3{ padding-top : 3%;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 3%;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#e2e2e2;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1443.75px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><b>Cassino <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rose on the slopes of <\/span><b>Mount Cairo <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">massif, at a very strategic point in the <\/span><b>Liri Valley<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which was at the crossroads of important trade routes and transhumance since prehistoric times<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Between the end of the sixth century and the beginning of the fifth century BC, the area experienced the passages of the Volscian people who were aiming to conquer the fertile Pontine Valley. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the Volsci\u2019s power gradually started to decay, and the <\/span><b>Latin League<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was finally defeated in 338 BC, the Samnites moved towards <\/span><b>southern Lazio<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, occupying the territories of Cassino as well. The pre-Roman inhabited area, which was originally Volscian and then Samnite, was protected by city walls and probably located in the suburb \u201cCrocifisso\u201d. It was situated on a natural terrace on the slopes of Montecassino, in the same place where the Roman city saw its birth.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The territory passed under Roman control between the end of the fourth and the beginning of the third centuries BC; <\/span><b>Casinum <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">first became \u201ccivitas sine suffragio\u201d and then a prefecture. In the first half of the first century BC, it became a \u201cmunicipium\u201d, which was ruled by \u201cduoviri iure dicundo\u201d. Later, during the triumviral age, it was turned into a colony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between the first century BC and the first century AD, the city lived through a period of great splendor and saw the birth of the first public buildings, but from the third century AD, it went through a slow decline and ended up being only a small town.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, in the fifth century, it became a fortified center known as \u201c<\/span><b>Castrum Casinum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, it was also a bishopric. Some years later, in 529 AD, <\/span><b>Saint Benedict<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> founded his <\/span><b>Abbey on Montecassino<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, between 581 and 589 AD, the <\/span><b>Longobards of Zotone<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sacked Montecassino, and only in the eighth century, a new urban center developed on the slopes of Rocca Janula. A century later, the <\/span><b>abbot Bertharius<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> called the city <\/span><b>Eulogimenopolis <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(the city of Benedict). In 874, the city changed its name into <\/span><b>San Germano<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to honor the relics of the <\/span><b>Saint bishop from Capua<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which were donated by <\/span><b>King Ludwig II. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Afterwards, in 833 the Abbey was destroyed once again by the Saracens, who invaded the inhabited area and killed the abbot Bertharius too. It was only in the tenth century, that the abbot Aligerno decided to build <\/span><b>Rocca Janula<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a stronghold in defense of Montecassino and its territory, tired of the several incursions and destructions. A significant moment in Cassino&#8217;s history was the signing of the peace treaty (\u201cPace di San Germano\u201d) by Emperor <\/span><b>Frederick II <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>Pope Gregory IX<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in 1230. Because of an earthquake that shocked the center of Italy in 1349, the Abbey was destroyed once again; this probably caused the abandonment of <\/span><b>Castrum Sancti Petri<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which rose on the remains of the ancient Casinum.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, in 1527 the territory was hit by a terrible plague that decimated the population. Two centuries later, in 1799 the city went under <\/span><b>Napoleonic occupation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Therefore, a pro-Napoleonic administration was appointed in <\/span><b>San Germano <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">too, with many disagreements within the population. The whole area, occupied by their opponents, was devastated by the French troops that were retreating from Naples. In 1863, the city changed its name from San Germano to Cassino, with the opening of the railway station in the same year. The city was part of the province \u201c<\/span><b>T<\/b><b>erra di Lavoro<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d (Land of Labor) u<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ntil 1927, when the Province of Frosinone was constituted. In 1930, from the square of the railway station, a cableway was opened to the public to reach the abbey in 7 minutes, covering a difference in the height of 400 meters; it was destroyed during the Second World War when Cassino and its famous abbey were one of the strategic spots on the Gustav Line. From September 1943 to May 1944, armies from all over the world, in their march towards Rome, tried to force the tenacious German opposition, which was hiding in the mountains around Cassino. On the 15th February 1944, two massive air raids razed the abbey and the city below. After this huge sacrifice, the city deserved the title of \u201c<\/span><b>Martyr City for Peace<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d and earned the <\/span><b>Gold Medal of Military Valour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Today Cassino is a modern city counting about 35.000 inhabitants; it is home to the <\/span><b>University of Cassino and Southern Lazio<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and in its surroundings, it also hosts the <\/span><b>FIAT Cassino plant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, one of the most modern car plants in Europe. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"622\" title=\"Cassino\" src=\"http:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Cassino.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-5559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Cassino-200x124.jpg 200w, https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Cassino-400x249.jpg 400w, https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Cassino-600x373.jpg 600w, https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Cassino-800x498.jpg 800w, https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Cassino.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:66.666666666667% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 3.5625%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.5625%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:740px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-4{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-4 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:#f2f2f2;padding: 5% 5% 5% 5%;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-2{margin-top:10px!important;margin-bottom:15px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:740px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-2{margin-top:10px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"font-size:30px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:15px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;\">Contact<\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;max-width:50%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><strong>Ufficio Turistico del Comune di Cassino<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Piazza De Gasperi, 03043 Cassino (FR)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phone: <\/strong><a href=\"tel:+39%200776%20298407\">+39 0776 1666902<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Email:<\/strong> <a href=\"%22mailto:info@visitcassino.com\">info@visitcassino.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;max-width:50%;\"><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-3{margin-top:10px!important;margin-bottom:15px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:740px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-3{margin-top:10px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"font-size:20px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:15px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;\">Map<\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><iframe style=\"border: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d95651.30806930004!2d13.772870807181887!3d41.48035846591159!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x133abc0eaaad10e1%3A0xd0c73990d25d15db!2s03043%20Cassino%20FR!5e0!3m2!1sit!2sit!4v1619603716336!5m2!1sit!2sit\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><div ><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-button.button-1 {border-radius:0px;}<\/style><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/RygxUrPdj9EwdjBU9\"><i class=\"fa-map fas button-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">How to get<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:33.333333333333% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 5% !important;padding-right : 5% !important;margin-right : 7.125%;padding-bottom : 5% !important;padding-left : 5% !important;margin-left : 7.125%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:740px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-5{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-5 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}<\/style><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-4{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #fafafa;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#e2e2e2;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1443.75px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-4{margin-top:10px!important;margin-bottom:15px!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:740px) {.fusion-title.fusion-title-4{margin-top:10px!important;margin-bottom:10px!important;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"font-size:30px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:15px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;\">You 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-->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-6{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-6 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.375%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.375%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-6{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-6 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:740px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-6{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-6 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.375%;margin-left : 2.375%;}}<\/style><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-5{ padding-top : 5%;margin-top : 2%;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 5%;margin-bottom : 2%;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5212,"parent":5605,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5584","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5584"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5584\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/visitcassino.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}